Changing your instrument’s strings
With so many school systems going to an online/virtual model
this fall, nearly all of the routine maintenance of musical instruments will be
in the hands of students and their parents. Teachers often take care of small
things like tuning the instrument, adjusting the bridge, and when disaster
strikes…replacing a broken string!
The truth is, replacing strings is not hard, but there is a
procedure that should be followed to make sure it is done correctly, and to
make sure that the instrument doesn’t fall apart in the process! I am going to
explore changing strings on a violin, but the same basics apply to all four
string orchestra instruments.
Know how your instrument is constructed
Many beginners and their parents do not realize that there
is no glue holding the bridge up, or the soundpost (inside the instrument) in
place. In fact, there isn’t! The entire instrument is held together by the
tension of the strings stretched across the top. If all four strings are
removed, the bridge will simply fall off the instrument. Worse, with all the
tension suddenly gone, the top and back of the instrument will move away from
each other, allowing the soundpost inside the instrument to fall. Now
you are up a creek: you usually need to take the instrument to a luthier
(repair shop) to properly set the soundpost. This mess is easy to avoid: DON’T
REMOVE ALL FOUR STRINGS AT THE SAME TIME!
Be prepared
The only equipment you need for this project is a new set of
strings. There are no tools required. But, make sure you have the correct
strings! Make sure your strings are for the instrument you have. Viola strings
will fit on a violin, but it won’t sound right! Also, make sure that you have
the correct size strings for your instrument. Finally, see how the strings are
packaged. Sometimes they are in individual envelopes that identify the string
inside. Other times they are all bundled together, but there is usually a code
on the package that tells you which color is which string. Look for it and be
prepared!
Study up
Take a moment and note how the strings that are currently on
the instrument are wound. You should see that the strings don’t cross from one
side of the pegbox to the other, and that the strings are wound neatly around
the peg.
Time to start!
I usually start with the “G” string, on the left side as you
look at the instrument from the top, scroll facing away from you. Trace the
string to the pegbox to see which peg to loosen. (It should be the peg
closest to you on the left-hand side.) Turn the peg towards the bridge to
loosen the string and unwind the string from the peg. The peg may come out of
the hole. That’s OK. Lift the string off of the bridge and slip the ball-end
out of the fine-tuner/hole in the tailpiece. That’s it! One string off.
Replacing the string…
As I mentioned above, REPLACE the string you removed BEFORE
you remove any more strings. This is critical to keeping the instrument together!!
Take the replacement string out of the envelope and unwind
it so it is fully extended. Take the ball-end (so named because there is a
little “ball” in a loop at the end of the string!) and carefully slip it into
the fork in the fine tuner in the tailpiece. The ball pulling against this fork
is what holds the string in place.
Then, pull the string toward the peg box. It’s going to flop
around a bit because there is no tension on it yet. That’s OK. If the ball-end
slip out as you start winding, just re-insert it. No biggie.
Place the peg into the pegbox, and locate the hole drilled
into the peg. (Having a good light here is very helpful, as trying to find a
black hole, in a black peg, in the dark pegbox is sometimes challenging!)
Insert the string through the hole so that about a ¼” of the string comes out
the other side. Then, start winding the string around the peg by turning the
peg away from the bridge.
The string should wind tightly around the peg towards the
side (not the middle!) of the pegbox. When done, the string should be closer to
the side of the pegbox. As you wind, you will need to keep tension on the
string with your other hand. As you continue to tighten, make sure that the
string crosses the bridge in the groove cut for it. Continue to tighten until
there is enough tension that you can tune the string with a tuner. When you
reach the desired tension, push the peg firmly into the hole in the pegbox. The
peg and the hole are tapered, and this “pushing” action “locks” the peg in
place so it won’t turn until you want it to.
Continue with the other three strings
Repeat the above procedure with the other three strings,
moving left to right across the instrument and finishing with the “E” string.
Again, make sure to change only ONE string at a time! Also, take special care
with the “E” string as it is very thin and the most prone to breaking.
Success!!
That’s all there is to it! You have successfully changed
your strings! Now get them tuned up, and tune them constantly for the next
couple of days. The new strings will stretch, and it will seem like they are
ALWAYS flat. As the strings stretch and adjust, this problem will subside.
Now, go practice!